Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that primarily affects children's abilities to communicate and socialize, coupled with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Traditionally, various pervasive developmental disorders such as Autism, Asperger's disorder, Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) were diagnosed separately. These conditions are now recognized collectively under the ASD diagnosis, reflecting the spectrum nature of autism where symptoms vary widely among individuals.

Children with ASD are born with the condition, though it often becomes noticeable when they exhibit difficulties interacting with peers. Early signs typically appear before age two. Symptoms are categorized into challenges with social communication—such as reduced eye contact and a preference for solitary play—and repetitive behaviors, including strict adherence to routines and focused interests.

Anxiety is a common comorbidity in children with ASD, significantly impacting their daily life. It can intensify symptoms like social withdrawal and repetitive behaviors, and make coping with unexpected changes even more challenging. This heightened anxiety can also lead to increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli, making environments like a noisy classroom or a crowded store particularly overwhelming.

Diagnosis of ASD involves assessing how these symptoms, including anxiety, disrupt daily functioning. Although there is no cure, tailored treatments such as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and Occupational Therapy (OT) can effectively manage symptoms and reduce anxiety, improving quality of life. Early intervention is crucial for supporting children with ASD in developing skills to navigate their world more comfortably.