Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) are severe forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that appear suddenly in children following an infection, often strep throat. These conditions are characterized by an abrupt onset of OCD symptoms, distinguishing them from typical OCD where symptoms develop gradually. Children with PANS or PANDAS may exhibit acute-onset OCD, severe separation anxiety, emotional instability, irritability, bedwetting, and regression in skills like handwriting and academic performance. They may also experience eating restrictions, such as severe fears of contamination, choking, or vomiting, leading to significant weight loss. Diagnosis of PANS or PANDAS requires the sudden onset of OCD or eating disorders, accompanied by at least two other neuropsychiatric symptoms. These disorders are episodic, meaning symptoms can disappear and reappear with new infections. Controversy has surrounded the link between these symptoms and infections, but there is now broader acceptance of their connection. Recognizing the symptoms early and consulting with a healthcare professional can help in managing these conditions effectively. Understanding these disorders is crucial for parents and caregivers to ensure timely and appropriate care for affected childre